Malak N A, Zwingelstein G, Jouanneteau J, Koenig J
Ann Nutr Aliment. 1976;29(5):459-75.
The present investigation was made to approve nutritionnal factors which affect the utilisation of food canthaxanthin by hatchery trout. Rainbow trout were obtained from a commercial trout farm, kept in running water and feeding in experimental pellets for 4 to 8 weeks. Five diets were tested (1-standard [7.5 u.i/g], 2-low protein content, 3-High lipid content, 4-non supplemented with vitamin A, 5-High vitamin A content [23 U.I./g]). All diets containing 250 mg of canthaxanthin per kilo of food, the fish were fed at the rate of approximately 2.5 p. 100 of their body weight per day. The estimation of canthaxanthin from fish tissues was accomplished as follows: the tissues were gomogeneized and extracted with several volumes of solvents. The solution containing all the pigment was evaporated. The purification of the canthaxanthin was obtained by column silica gel chromatography. The pigment was eluated with ethyl-ether as solvent. Quantitative assay of total carotenoïd was effected by spectre photometric estimation of optical density at 480 nm of this fraction dissolved in benzene. The carotenoïd composition of this fraction was studied by silica-gel thin layer chromatography. In these conditions:--it was shown by spectral studies that the canthaxanthins present in the diet are essentially those deposed in the flesh of the trout fed;--a series of experiment were made to examine the effect of composition of artificially composed feeds for pigmentation of the rainbow trout. The pigment deposition was found to correlate with the amount of lipids present in these diet. In this condition, the pigment is more dispersed with lipids present and the pigment absorption may be facilitated and later be deposed. 8 weeks alimentation are needed to observe the effect of these nutritionnal factor;--when the diet is non supplemented with vitamin A, the same quantity of canthaxanthin mixed with this food gives trout redder flesh than the standard diet. On an other hand, an antagonist effect of diet with high vitamin A content is demonstrated on the amount of the pigment deposed in the flesh of trout;--no effect of protein content of the diet was found in these experiments;--no effect of ratio calorie/protein of the diets with the intensity of deposed pigment in the flesh rainbow trout;--a correlation between neutral lipids of the tissue and the pigment deposed in the flesh of the trout fed with canthaxanthin was confirmed.
本次调查旨在确定影响孵化场鳟鱼对食品中角黄素利用的营养因素。虹鳟鱼取自一家商业鳟鱼养殖场，养在流动水中，用实验颗粒饲料喂养4至8周。测试了五种饲料（1-标准饲料[7.5国际单位/克]，2-低蛋白含量饲料，3-高脂肪含量饲料，4-未添加维生素A的饲料，5-高维生素A含量饲料[23国际单位/克]）。所有饲料每千克食物含250毫克角黄素，鱼每天按其体重约2.5%的比例喂食。鱼组织中角黄素的测定如下：将组织匀浆并用几体积的溶剂提取。含有所有色素的溶液蒸发。通过硅胶柱色谱法纯化角黄素。用乙醚作为溶剂洗脱色素。通过对溶解在苯中的该部分在480nm处的光密度进行分光光度测定来进行总类胡萝卜素的定量分析。通过硅胶薄层层析研究该部分的类胡萝卜素组成。在这些条件下：--光谱研究表明，饲料中存在的角黄素基本上是喂食的鳟鱼鱼肉中沉积的角黄素；--进行了一系列实验来研究人工合成饲料组成对虹鳟鱼色素沉着的影响。发现色素沉积与这些饲料中脂质的含量相关。在这种情况下，色素与存在的脂质更易分散，色素吸收可能得到促进并随后沉积。需要8周的饲养才能观察到这些营养因素的影响；--当饲料未添加维生素A时，与这种食物混合的相同量的角黄素使鳟鱼的鱼肉比标准饲料喂养的更红。另一方面，高维生素A含量的饲料对角黄素在鳟鱼鱼肉中的沉积量有拮抗作用；--在这些实验中未发现饲料蛋白质含量有影响；--饲料的卡路里/蛋白质比例对虹鳟鱼鱼肉中色素沉积强度没有影响；--证实了组织中的中性脂质与喂食角黄素的鳟鱼鱼肉中沉积的色素之间存在相关性。
