de Rooij D G
Department of Cell Biology, Utrecht University, The Netherlands.
Int J Exp Pathol. 1998 Apr;79(2):67-80. doi: 10.1046/j.1365-2613.1998.00057.x.
The origin and development of the spermatogenic cell lineage is reviewed, as well as spermatogonial kinetics in adult nonprimate mammals in relation to the cycle of the seminiferous epithelium, the emphasis being on spermatogonial stem cells. A hypothesis is presented for the transition from foetal germ cells, gonocytes, to adult type spermatogonia at the start of spermatogenesis. An overview is given of the present knowledge on the proliferation and differentiation of undifferentiated spermatogonia (spermatogonial stem cells and their direct descendants) and the regulation of these processes. It is concluded that the differentiation of the undifferentiated into differentiating type spermatogonia is a rather vulnerable moment during spermatogenesis and the models for studying this are described. Research into the molecular basis of the regulation of spermatogonial proliferation, differentiation and apoptosis is at its infancy and the first results are reviewed. An exciting new research tool is the spermatogonial stem cell transplantation technique which is described. Finally, reviewing the nature of human germ cell tumours it is concluded that at present there are no animal or in vitro models to study these tumours experimentally.
本文综述了生精细胞谱系的起源与发育，以及成年非灵长类哺乳动物精原细胞动力学与生精上皮周期的关系，重点是精原干细胞。本文提出了一个关于从胎儿生殖细胞（生殖母细胞）到精子发生开始时成年型精原细胞转变的假说。概述了目前关于未分化精原细胞（精原干细胞及其直接后代）增殖和分化以及这些过程调控的知识。得出的结论是，未分化精原细胞向分化型精原细胞的分化是精子发生过程中一个相当脆弱的阶段，并描述了研究这一阶段的模型。对精原细胞增殖、分化和凋亡调控的分子基础的研究尚处于起步阶段，本文综述了首批研究结果。文中描述了一种令人兴奋的新研究工具——精原干细胞移植技术。最后，在回顾人类生殖细胞肿瘤的性质时得出结论，目前尚无用于实验研究这些肿瘤的动物模型或体外模型。
