Ehlers A, Mayou R A, Bryant B
Department of Psychiatry, University of Oxford, United Kingdom.
J Abnorm Psychol. 1998 Aug;107(3):508-19. doi: 10.1037//0021-843x.107.3.508.
A prospective longitudinal study assessed 967 consecutive patients who attended an emergency clinic shortly after a motor vehicle accident, again at 3 months, and at 1 year. The prevalence of posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) was 23.1% at 3 months and 16.5% at 1 year. Chronic PTSD was related to some objective measures of trauma severity, perceived threat, and dissociation during the accident, to female gender, to previous emotional problems, and to litigation. Maintaining psychological factors, that is, negative interpretation of intrusions, rumination, thought suppression, and anger cognitions, enhanced the accuracy of the prediction. Negative interpretation of intrusions, persistent medical problems, and rumination at 3 months were the most important predictors of PTSD symptoms at 1 year. Rumination, anger cognitions, injury severity, and prior emotional problems identified cases of delayed onset.
一项前瞻性纵向研究评估了967名在机动车事故后不久前往急诊诊所就诊的连续患者，在3个月时再次评估，以及在1年时再次评估。创伤后应激障碍（PTSD）的患病率在3个月时为23.1%，在1年时为16.5%。慢性PTSD与创伤严重程度、事故期间感知到的威胁和分离的一些客观指标、女性性别、既往情绪问题以及诉讼有关。维持心理因素，即对侵入性思维的消极解释、沉思、思维抑制和愤怒认知，提高了预测的准确性。对侵入性思维的消极解释、持续的医疗问题以及3个月时的沉思是1年时PTSD症状的最重要预测因素。沉思、愤怒认知、损伤严重程度和既往情绪问题可识别延迟发作的病例。
