Porcu S, Bellatreccia A, Ferrara M, Casagrande M
Italian Air Force, DASRS-RMAS, Aeroporto Pratica di Mare, Pomezia, Rome, Italy.
Ergonomics. 1998 Aug;41(8):1192-202. doi: 10.1080/001401398186478.
Monitoring the presence of sleepiness on the job and its effects on performance is of primary importance for improving schedule systems of shiftworkers. Shiftworkers, often involved in night-time operations and irregular work schedules, frequently complain of nocturnal sleepiness especially in conditions of abrupt shift of the wake-sleep cycle. In this study, the authors evaluated the effects of a laboratory simulation of acute night-shift changes on sleepiness, vigilance and performance, using Maintenance of Wakefulness Test, Multiple Sleep Latency Test and three pencil and paper tests: Digit Symbol Substitution Test, 'Deux Barrages' Test and a 3-Letter Cancellation Task. All of the tests were administered four times at 2-hourly intervals during the night after daytime sleep. Results showed that the ability to maintain wakefulness and to perform simple visuo-attentive tasks is substantially spared during the night. On the other hand, sleep tendency and performance on a more complex and monotonous task (Letter Cancellation Task) reveal, respectively, increasing sleepiness and degrading performance.
监测工作时的困倦状况及其对工作表现的影响，对于改进轮班工人的排班系统至关重要。轮班工人经常参与夜间作业和不规律的工作时间表，经常抱怨夜间困倦，尤其是在昼夜睡眠周期突然改变的情况下。在本研究中，作者使用清醒维持测试、多次睡眠潜伏期测试以及三项纸笔测试：数字符号替换测试、“双堰”测试和三字母删除任务，评估了急性夜班变化的实验室模拟对困倦、警觉性和工作表现的影响。所有测试均在白天睡眠后的夜间，每隔2小时进行一次，共进行四次。结果表明，夜间保持清醒和执行简单视觉注意力任务的能力基本不受影响。另一方面，睡眠倾向以及在更复杂、单调任务（字母删除任务）上的表现分别显示出困倦加剧和表现下降。
