Bohnert M, Rost T, Pollak S
Institute of Forensic Medicine, University of Freiburg, Germany.
Forensic Sci Int. 1998 Jul 6;95(1):11-21. doi: 10.1016/s0379-0738(98)00076-0.
The changes occurring during cremation were watched and documented in 15 undissected bodies to be cremated. It was found that at temperatures between 670 and 810 degrees C the body showed the "pugilistic attitude" after about 10 minutes. After 20 minutes the calvaria was free from any soft tissue and fissures of the tabula externa could be noticed. The body cavities became visible after approximately 30 minutes, so that the organs were exposed. Forty minutes after cremation had started, the internal organs were severely shrunken and showed a net-like or sponge-like structure. After about 50 minutes the extremities were destroyed to an extent leaving only the torso which broke apart after 1-1.5 hours. The complete incineration of a human body took about 2-3 hours.
对15具待火化的完整尸体火化过程中的变化进行了观察和记录。发现当温度在670至810摄氏度之间时，尸体在大约10分钟后呈现出“拳击手姿势”。20分钟后，颅盖骨上的软组织消失，可观察到外板出现裂缝。大约30分钟后体腔可见，器官暴露在外。火化开始40分钟后，内部器官严重收缩，呈现出网状或海绵状结构。大约50分钟后，四肢被破坏到只剩下躯干，躯干在1至1.5小时后散开。人体完全焚化大约需要2至3小时。
