Killion C M
University of Michigan School of Nursing, Ann Arbor 48109-0482, USA.
J Nurse Midwifery. 1998 Jul-Aug;43(4):273-9. doi: 10.1016/s0091-2182(98)00013-5.
In this article, select findings from a 5-year ethnographic study of homeless, pregnant women in Southern California pin-pointed the contextual constraints, along with individual factors, that framed the women's reproductive options and actions. The women had very little choice in the timing, the place, the partner, and the circumstances surrounding conception. Factors contributing to their becoming pregnant were the woman's victimization, economic survival, lack of access to contraceptives, uncertain fertility, desire for intimacy, and hope for the future. Findings suggest that even if the women were able to establish reproductive goals and had the wherewithal to acquire and effectively use contraceptives, situational constraints (homelessness, pregnancy, poverty, contraception, fertility patterns) might still prevent their success.
在本文中，对南加州无家可归的孕妇进行的一项为期5年的人种志研究的精选结果指出了背景限制因素以及个体因素，这些因素构成了这些女性的生育选择和行为。这些女性在受孕的时间、地点、伴侣以及受孕环境方面几乎没有选择余地。导致她们怀孕的因素包括女性遭受侵害、为了生存、无法获得避孕药具、生育能力不确定、渴望亲密关系以及对未来的希望。研究结果表明，即使这些女性能够确立生育目标并有能力获取和有效使用避孕药具，情境限制因素（无家可归、怀孕、贫困、避孕、生育模式）仍可能阻碍她们实现目标。
