Nikiforov A A, Moiseeva I G, Zakharov I A
Vavilov Institute of General Genetics, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia.
Genetika. 1998 Jun;34(6):850-1.
Eleven old Russian, four Mediterranean, and nine Asian chicken breeds were compared with the wild species Gallus gallus (red jungle fowl) by 31 discrete morphological characters. The majority of the characters studied show monogenic inheritance. Five large clusters can be detected on a dendrogram constructed on the basis of the morphological characters of the studied breeds. Almost all breeds characterized by their a similar practical use (egg, meat/egg, meat, game, and ornamental) were included in the same cluster independently of their geographical origin. Close morphological and genetic relations of Mediterranean breeds to the wild species Gallus gallus was confirmed. A wide typological diversity of old Russian breeds was shown; five types of breeds were found among them. Russian breeds were joined in the same clusters with similar types of breeds of Mediterranean or Asian origin. However, 10 out of 11 studied Russian breeds were found to be more closely related to Asian breeds. Thus, it may be suggested that the gene pool of old Russian was formed largely under the influence of Asian breeds and, to a lower extent, Mediterranean breeds.
通过31个离散形态特征，将11个俄罗斯古老鸡种、4个地中海鸡种和9个亚洲鸡种与原鸡（红色原鸡）这一野生物种进行了比较。所研究的大多数特征显示为单基因遗传。基于所研究鸡种的形态特征构建的聚类图上可检测到五个大的聚类群。几乎所有具有相似实际用途（蛋用、肉蛋兼用、肉用、斗鸡和观赏）的鸡种，无论其地理起源如何，都被归入同一聚类群。地中海鸡种与原鸡之间密切的形态学和遗传学关系得到了证实。俄罗斯古老鸡种呈现出广泛的类型学多样性；在它们当中发现了五种类型的鸡种。俄罗斯鸡种与地中海或亚洲起源的相似类型鸡种被归入同一聚类群。然而，在所研究的11个俄罗斯鸡种中，有10个被发现与亚洲鸡种关系更为密切。因此，可以认为俄罗斯古老鸡种的基因库在很大程度上是在亚洲鸡种的影响下形成的，在较小程度上受地中海鸡种的影响。
