Alevizos P, DeRisi W, Liberman R, Eckman T, Callahan E
J Appl Behav Anal. 1978 Summer;11(2):243-57. doi: 10.1901/jaba.1978.11-243.
The background and development of a multicategory direct observation system, the Behavior Observation Instrument (BOI), is described. This time-sampling procedure for recording the behavior of persons is demonstrated in several treatment settings and the results applied to issues of program evaluation. Elements that have prevented direct observation from being widely adopted, such as costs, manpower, and training requirements, are systematically analyzed. A basic psychometric analysis of the instrument is used to determine optimum frequency and duration of observation intervals as well as observer agreement. The results imply that direct observation methods, once assumed by some to belong to the special province of the single-subject design, can be used to assess the effects of programs on groups of psychiatric clients in an efficient and economic manner.
本文描述了多类别直接观察系统——行为观察工具（BOI）的背景和发展。这种用于记录人员行为的时间抽样程序在多个治疗环境中得到了演示，并将结果应用于项目评估问题。对阻碍直接观察广泛应用的因素，如成本、人力和培训要求，进行了系统分析。使用该工具进行了基本的心理测量分析，以确定观察间隔的最佳频率和持续时间以及观察者间的一致性。结果表明，直接观察方法，曾被一些人认为是单受试者设计的特殊领域，现在可以以高效且经济的方式用于评估项目对精神科患者群体的影响。
