Dübendorfer A, Hediger M
Institute of Zoology, University of Zürich, CH-8057 Zürich, Switzerland.
Genetics. 1998 Sep;150(1):221-6. doi: 10.1093/genetics/150.1.221.
In Musca domestica, the common housefly, female development requires the continuous activity of the sex-determining gene F from early embryogenesis until metamorphosis. To activate F in embryogenesis, two conditions must be met: There must be no male-determining M factor in the zygotic genome, and the egg must be preconditioned by F activity in the maternal germ line. This maternal activity can be suppressed by introducing an M factor into the maternal germ line, which causes all offspring, including those that do not carry M, to develop as males. By transplantation of pole cells (germline progenitor cells) we have constructed such females with a genetically male germ line and, simultaneously, males with a genetically female germ line carrying a constitutive allele of F [F(Dominant) (F(D))]. Crosses between these animals yielded offspring that, despite the presence of M in the maternal germ line, were of female sex, solely due to zygotic F(D) brought in via the sperm. This shows that zygotic F function alone is sufficient to promote female development and that in the wild-type situation, maternal F product serves no other function but to activate the zygotic F gene.
在家蝇（Musca domestica）中，雌性发育需要性别决定基因F从胚胎早期发育到变态发育阶段持续发挥作用。要在胚胎发育过程中激活F，必须满足两个条件：合子基因组中不能有雄性决定因子M，并且卵子必须在母系生殖系中经过F活性的预处理。通过将M因子引入母系生殖系，可以抑制这种母系活性，这会导致所有后代，包括那些不携带M的后代，发育为雄性。通过移植极细胞（生殖系祖细胞），我们构建了具有遗传雄性生殖系的雌性个体，同时构建了具有携带F的组成型等位基因[F（显性）（F（D））]的遗传雌性生殖系的雄性个体。这些动物之间的杂交产生的后代，尽管母系生殖系中存在M，但仅由于通过精子带入的合子F（D）而发育为雌性。这表明仅合子F功能就足以促进雌性发育，并且在野生型情况下，母系F产物除了激活合子F基因外没有其他功能。
