Oliver C J, Shenolikar S
Department of Pharmacology and Cancer Biology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina 27710, USA.
Front Biosci. 1998 Sep 1;3:D961-72. doi: 10.2741/a336.
Reversible protein phosphorylation is an important mode of regulation of cellular processes. While earlier studies focused on protein kinases, it is now apparent that protein phosphatases play an equally integral role in the control of cellular phosphoproteins. This review examines the role played by endogenous inhibitors of three major protein serine/threonine phosphatases, PP1, PP2A and PP2B in the control of cell physiology. The discussion highlights novel paradigms for signal transduction by protein phosphatase inhibitors that provide important avenues for signal amplification, the timing of physiological responses and cross-talk between distinct signal transduction pathways. New evidence also points to genetic abnormalities or altered expression of phosphatase inhibitors as potential mechanisms for human disease.Together, the data emphasize the physiological importance of protein phosphatase inhibitors and establish phosphatase regulation as a key feature of hormone signaling.
可逆性蛋白质磷酸化是细胞过程调控的一种重要模式。虽然早期研究集中在蛋白激酶上，但现在很明显蛋白磷酸酶在细胞磷蛋白的控制中发挥着同样不可或缺的作用。本综述探讨了三种主要的蛋白丝氨酸/苏氨酸磷酸酶PP1、PP2A和PP2B的内源性抑制剂在细胞生理学控制中所起的作用。讨论突出了蛋白磷酸酶抑制剂信号转导的新范式，这些范式为信号放大、生理反应的时机以及不同信号转导途径之间的相互作用提供了重要途径。新证据还表明，磷酸酶抑制剂的基因异常或表达改变是人类疾病的潜在机制。总之，这些数据强调了蛋白磷酸酶抑制剂的生理重要性，并将磷酸酶调节确立为激素信号传导的一个关键特征。
