Müller W A, Bartsch C, Bartsch H, Maidonis I, Bayer E
Zoological Institute, Physiology University, Heidelberg, Germany.
Int J Dev Biol. 1998 Sep;42(6):821-4.
A partially purified, melatonin-free low-molecular-weight extract from the ovine pineal gland with antitumor activity (YC05R), interferes with terminal differentiation in the interstitial cell line of Hydra. Nematoblasts developed into defective nematocytes that were subject to cell death and the tentacles eventually became devoid of nematocytes. In an attempt to identify the causative components of the extract, several known potential constituents were assayed. Two factors were found to have similar effects, although only in rather high concentrations: 1alpha, 25 dihydroxyvitamin D3 (>150 nM) and pinoline (>5 microM), a natural tryptophan-derived beta-carboline. The proliferative activity in the interstitial cell line was only slightly reduced by these factors. Two other beta-carbolines that occur in the mammalian brain, harmine (10 microM) and n-butyl-beta-carboline-3-carboxylate (beta-CCB), caused the premature death of epithelial cells and thus the development of dwarfish animals which, however, continued to generate new animals by budding. The pineal extract probably contains some more, still unidentified components that interfere more potently with cell development, in Hydra as well as in mammals.
一种来自绵羊松果体的具有抗肿瘤活性的部分纯化的无褪黑素低分子量提取物（YC05R），会干扰水螅间质细胞系的终末分化。刺细胞发育成有缺陷的刺丝囊细胞，这些细胞会经历细胞死亡，最终触手变得没有刺丝囊细胞。为了确定提取物的致病成分，对几种已知的潜在成分进行了检测。发现两种因子有类似作用，尽管只有在相当高的浓度下：1α,25-二羟基维生素D3（>150 nM）和松果林（>5 μM），一种天然的源自色氨酸的β-咔啉。这些因子只会使间质细胞系中的增殖活性略有降低。另外两种存在于哺乳动物大脑中的β-咔啉，骆驼蓬碱（10 μM）和正丁基-β-咔啉-3-羧酸盐（β-CCB），会导致上皮细胞过早死亡，从而使动物发育成侏儒，但这些动物仍能通过出芽产生新的动物。松果体提取物可能还含有一些尚未确定的成分，这些成分在水螅和哺乳动物中对细胞发育的干扰作用更强。
