Weninger W J, Müller G B
Department of Anatomy, University of Vienna, Austria.
Acta Anat (Basel). 1997;160(4):254-60. doi: 10.1159/000148019.
Sympathetic nerves innervate targets in the orbit and the brain. They issue from the superior cervical ganglion and reach the parasellar region via the internal carotid nerve. Information on their further parasellar course and distribution is scant and contradictory. In this study the parasellar sympathetic pathways of 30 human infants and 6 human fetuses were investigated by microdissection and histologically. A common parasellar sympathetic trunk, which reunites all the nerve fibers emanating from the lateral and medial internal carotid plexus, is described as well as its further divisions. It was found that the posterior knee of the infant carotid siphon is free of large sympathetic nerve bundles. In addition a ganglion is described, which is situated in the parasellar adipose body. It is reached by nerve fibers coming from the parasellar sympathetic pathways. Fibers that issue from this ganglion join the periorbita and the orbital muscle of Müller. These anatomical facts are of immediate importance for preventing nerve damage during cavernous sinus surgery. Furthermore, the study improves the anatomical knowledge of the parasellar region and suggests a new concept for the innervation of the orbital muscle.
交感神经支配眼眶和脑部的靶器官。它们发自颈上神经节，通过颈内神经到达鞍旁区域。关于其在鞍旁的进一步走行和分布的信息很少且相互矛盾。在本研究中，通过显微解剖和组织学方法对30例人类婴儿和6例人类胎儿的鞍旁交感神经通路进行了研究。描述了一条共同的鞍旁交感干，它汇聚了来自颈内动脉外侧和内侧丛的所有神经纤维，以及其进一步的分支。发现婴儿颈动脉虹吸部的后膝没有大的交感神经束。此外，还描述了一个位于鞍旁脂肪体内的神经节。来自鞍旁交感神经通路的神经纤维到达该神经节。从这个神经节发出的纤维加入眶周和米勒眶肌。这些解剖学事实对于在海绵窦手术中预防神经损伤具有直接重要性。此外，该研究增进了对鞍旁区域的解剖学认识，并提出了眶肌神经支配的新概念。
