Sigusch V
Institut für Sexualwissenschaft, Klinikum der Universität Frankfurt am Main.
Nervenarzt. 1997 Nov;68(11):870-7. doi: 10.1007/s001150050209.
In the past decades the cultural and social status of transsexuals has changed considerably. They have established their own organizations, obtained legal rights and access to health insurance services. The professional point of view has changed as well considerably. Very different personality structures, developmental courses and sexual preferences are described. As differential diagnoses homosexual and transvestitic developments, psychoses, early-onset personality disorders, adolescence crises, culturally induced gender dysphorias, and intersexual disorders have primarily to be considered. In therapy, the old confrontation psychotherapy vs. surgery has widely been relinquished. Patient's age is nowadays much lower. Sex ratio in Germany is approaching for the first time 1:1. So far worldwide a preponderance of biologically male transsexuals is reported. The total number of adult transsexuals in Germany is estimated 2000-4000.
在过去几十年里，变性者的文化和社会地位发生了相当大的变化。他们建立了自己的组织，获得了合法权利并能够享受医疗保险服务。专业观点也有了相当大的改变。人们描述了非常不同的人格结构、发展历程和性取向。作为鉴别诊断，主要需要考虑同性恋和异装癖发展、精神病、早发性人格障碍、青春期危机、文化导致的性别焦虑症以及两性畸形障碍。在治疗方面，旧有的对抗性心理治疗与手术治疗的方式已被广泛摒弃。如今患者的年龄要低得多。德国的性别比例首次接近1:1。到目前为止，全球范围内报告的生物学意义上男性变性者占多数。据估计，德国成年变性者的总数为2000 - 4000人。
