Lippmann O
J Neuroophthalmol. 1998 Sep;18(3):227-30.
The author was stimulated to write this article by a 1996 visit to the University where Professor Alfred Bielschowsky was Chairman of Ophthalmology in the 1930s. Dr. Bielschowsky was one of the founders of neuro-ophthalmology. This review, with biographical notes, is presented in his honor. Dr. Bielschowsky and the author had similar disruptive experiences, of historic interest, during the Hitler regime in Nazi Germany.
Professor Bielschowsky's legacy begins with his contributions to ocular physiology. For instance, his after-image test establishes the presence of retinal correspondence, important for stereoscopic vision. Alfred Bielschowsky taught how an ocular examination is critical for neuro-ophthalmologic diagnosis, localization, prognostication, and treatment. Much of our knowledge is linked with his name. Examples include "Bielschowsky's Phenomenon", explaining dissociated vertical movements, and "Bielschowsky's Doll's Head Phenomenon" (Doll's Eyes), describing proprioceptive reflexes important for localizing intracranial lesions. Dr. Bielschowsky emphasized many pitfalls in the differential diagnosis of oculomotor anomalies. For example, he cautioned against mistaking the compensatory head position in congenital fourth cranial nerve paresis for neck muscle disease.
Dr. Bielschowsky's emphasis on the clinical examination remains critical despite today's advanced diagnostic equipment. His legacy is the application of physiology to patient care.
1996年作者访问了一所大学，20世纪30年代阿尔弗雷德·比尔绍斯基教授曾任该校眼科主任，这次访问促使作者撰写了本文。比尔绍斯基博士是神经眼科学的创始人之一。这篇带有传记注释的综述是为纪念他而发表的。在纳粹德国的希特勒政权时期，比尔绍斯基博士和作者有着类似的具有历史意义的破坏性经历。
比尔绍斯基教授的遗产始于他对眼生理学的贡献。例如，他的后像测试确定了视网膜对应关系的存在，这对立体视觉很重要。阿尔弗雷德·比尔绍斯基教导人们眼部检查对神经眼科诊断、定位、预后和治疗至关重要。我们的许多知识都与他的名字有关。例子包括解释分离性垂直运动的“比尔绍斯基现象”，以及描述对颅内病变定位很重要的本体感觉反射的“比尔绍斯基玩偶眼现象”（玩偶眼）。比尔绍斯基博士强调了动眼神经异常鉴别诊断中的许多陷阱。例如，他告诫不要将先天性第四脑神经麻痹中的代偿性头位误认作颈部肌肉疾病。
尽管如今有先进的诊断设备，但比尔绍斯基博士对临床检查的重视仍然至关重要。他的遗产是将生理学应用于患者护理。
