Dubois R N, Abramson S B, Crofford L, Gupta R A, Simon L S, Van De Putte L B, Lipsky P E
Department of Medicine/GI, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee 37232-2279, USA.
FASEB J. 1998 Sep;12(12):1063-73.
Cyclooxygenase (COX), the key enzyme required for the conversion of arachidonic acid to prostaglandins was first identified over 20 years ago. Drugs, like aspirin, that inhibit cyclooxygenase activity have been available to the public for about 100 years. In the past decade, however, more progress has been made in understanding the role of cyclooxygenase enzymes in biology and disease than at any other time in history. Two cyclooxygenase isoforms have been identified and are referred to as COX-1 and COX-2. Under many circumstances the COX-1 enzyme is produced constitutively (i.e., gastric mucosa) whereas COX-2 is inducible (i.e., sites of inflammation). Here, we summarize the current understanding of the role of cyclooxygenase-1 and -2 in different physiological situations and disease processes ranging from inflammation to cancer. We have attempted to include all of the most relevant material in the field, but due to the rapid progress in this area of research we apologize that certain recent findings may have been left out.
环氧化酶（COX）是将花生四烯酸转化为前列腺素所需的关键酶，早在20多年前就已被首次鉴定出来。像阿司匹林这样抑制环氧化酶活性的药物已面市约100年了。然而，在过去十年中，对于环氧化酶在生物学和疾病中的作用的理解所取得的进展比历史上任何其他时期都要多。已鉴定出两种环氧化酶同工型，分别称为COX - 1和COX - 2。在许多情况下，COX - 1酶是组成性产生的（如胃黏膜），而COX - 2是可诱导的（如炎症部位）。在此，我们总结了目前对环氧化酶 - 1和 - 2在从炎症到癌症等不同生理状况和疾病过程中的作用的理解。我们已尽力纳入该领域所有最相关的资料，但由于该研究领域进展迅速，对于某些近期的发现可能有所遗漏，我们深表歉意。
