Dirandeh Essa, Ansari-Pirsaraei Zarbakht, Teimouri Asad, Dadashpour Navid, Thatcher William W
Department of Animal Science, Sari Agricultural Sciences and Natural Resources University, P.O. BOX: 578, Sari, Mazandaran, Iran.
Farm Animal Hospital, Leduc, Karaj, T9E 6Z9, Iran.
Sci Rep. 2025 Apr 27;15(1):14722. doi: 10.1038/s41598-025-96795-w.
The experiment was designed to consider effects of different amounts of metabolizable energy and protein on mammary gland development, mRNA abundance of genes related to vascular function and angiogenesis of Sistani goats. A total of 32 pregnant Sistani goats were selected on day 100 of gestation and allocated randomly to four treatments: (1) basal diet that meets metabolizable energy (ME) and protein (MP) requirements of goats during late gestation, as recommended by the National Research Council = NRC (2007) (C). (2) A diet with 10% higher levels of ME than recommendations (E). (3) A diet with 10% higher levels of MP than recommendations (P), and (4) a co-addition diet with 10% higher levels of both ME and MP than recommendations (EP). The four diets were fed from 100 days prepartum to 30 days after parturition. Mammary biopsies were obtained 24 h after parturition. Feed intake (g/day), colostrum (kg/day) and milk (kg/month) productions increased when extra E and P were provided together prepartum and early postpartum (P < 0.05). Relative mRNA abundances of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF, 4.68-fold), tyrosine kinase tie2 receptor (RTK, 4.61-fold), vascular endothelial growth factor receptor 1 (VEGFR1, 5.15-fold), angiopoietin I (ANGPT1, 4.86-fold), cyclooxygenase I (COX1, 4.5-fold), prostacyclin synthase (PTGIS, 5.66-fold), thromboxane A2 synthase (TBXAS, 98-fold) increased significantly in the mammary gland with the co-addition of E and P. Histological results documented that alveolar area (epithelium + luminal space, µm2), average number of epithelial cells per alveolus, and relative area occupied by overall epithelial cells (per slide) were increased significantly, when co-addition of E and P were fed in late gestation. In summary, increasing the dietary supply of ME and MP peripartum resulted in greater milk production, stimulated mammary gland alveolar development and affected the mRNA abundance of genes associated with both angiogenesis and milk secretion in Sistani goats.
本实验旨在研究不同代谢能和蛋白质水平对锡斯坦尼山羊乳腺发育、血管功能相关基因的mRNA丰度以及血管生成的影响。在妊娠第100天，共选择了32只怀孕的锡斯坦尼山羊，并随机分为四种处理组：（1）基础日粮，满足美国国家研究委员会（NRC，2007年）推荐的山羊妊娠后期的代谢能（ME）和蛋白质（MP）需求（C组）。（2）代谢能水平比推荐值高10%的日粮（E组）。（3）蛋白质水平比推荐值高10%的日粮（P组），以及（4）代谢能和蛋白质水平均比推荐值高10%的联合添加日粮（EP组）。四种日粮从产前100天喂至产后30天。产后24小时采集乳腺活检样本。产前和产后早期同时额外添加E和P时，采食量（克/天）、初乳产量（千克/天）和牛奶产量（千克/月）增加（P<0.05）。联合添加E和P时，乳腺中血管内皮生长因子（VEGF，增加4.68倍）、酪氨酸激酶tie2受体（RTK，增加4.61倍）、血管内皮生长因子受体1（VEGFR1，增加5.15倍）、血管生成素I（ANGPT1，增加4.86倍）、环氧化酶I（COX1，增加4.5倍）、前列环素合酶（PTGIS，增加5.66倍）、血栓素A2合酶（TBXAS，增加98倍）的相对mRNA丰度显著增加。组织学结果表明，妊娠后期饲喂联合添加E和P的日粮时，腺泡面积（上皮+管腔空间，平方微米）、每个腺泡的上皮细胞平均数以及整个上皮细胞所占的相对面积（每张切片）均显著增加。总之，围产期增加日粮中ME和MP的供应量可提高牛奶产量，刺激乳腺腺泡发育，并影响锡斯坦尼山羊中与血管生成和乳汁分泌相关基因的mRNA丰度。
