Dahl R E
Child and Adolescent Sleep Laboratory, University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, Pennsylvania, USA.
Adv Pediatr. 1998;45:73-90.
Sleep-related problems are extremely frequent sources of parental concern and question. Many childhood sleep difficulties are simply minor behavioral problems, whereas other sleep changes represent serious disorders. Increased knowledge about the development and disorders of sleep has enormous value in making accurate diagnoses and effective interventions. Overviews are presented on common and important sleep disorders in infancy, childhood, and adolescence, including night walking, partial arousal, sleep-disordered breathing, narcolepsy, and sleep loss secondary to late and erratic schedules. This chapter also draws attention to the close links between the regulation of sleep and the control of attention, emotion, and behavior. The evidence that many children and adolescents obtain less than optimal amounts of sleep raises a number of important questions about rising rates of behavioral and emotional problems.
与睡眠相关的问题是家长极为频繁的担忧和疑问来源。许多儿童睡眠困难仅仅是轻微的行为问题，而其他睡眠变化则代表严重的紊乱。关于睡眠发育和紊乱的知识增加，对于做出准确诊断和有效干预具有巨大价值。本文概述了婴儿期、儿童期和青少年期常见且重要的睡眠障碍，包括夜惊、部分觉醒、睡眠呼吸紊乱、发作性睡病以及因作息晚且不规律导致的睡眠不足。本章还提请注意睡眠调节与注意力、情绪和行为控制之间的紧密联系。许多儿童和青少年睡眠不足的证据引发了一系列关于行为和情绪问题发生率上升的重要问题。
