Kricka L J
Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia 19104, USA.
J Biolumin Chemilumin. 1998 Jul-Aug;13(4):189-93. doi: 10.1002/(SICI)1099-1271(199807/08)13:4<189::AID-BIO487>3.0.CO;2-F.
The sensitivity, speed and convenience of chemiluminescent (CL) and bioluminescent (BL) immunoassays and probe assays have led to a diverse range of applications for these technologies, mainly in the clinical laboratory. These methods are now being explored by the food and pharmaceutical industries. Demanding detection limits and the complexity of sample preparation for food and pharmaceutical analyses present daunting challenges for the analyst. Immunoassay and nucleic acid amplification technologies have been applied to food testing, but these have mostly favoured non-luminescent endpoints. Food assays with CL or BL endpoints are now emerging, e.g., Clostridium botulinum type A detection using a CL immunosorbent assay; Salmonella and Zygosaccharomyces detection using a combination of PCR and CL detection. The analytical challenges posed by the pharmaceutical industry include testing for contaminants in raw materials and drug products, and drug discovery. The sensitivity and rapid signal acquisition characteristics of CL and BL are advantageous for the high throughput, massively parallel testing of micro-sized samples demanded in drug discovery. Current progress and the prospects for CL and BL immunoassay and nucleic acid technologies in this and other pharmaceutical and food applications is reviewed.
化学发光（CL）和生物发光（BL）免疫分析及探针分析的灵敏度、速度和便利性，已促使这些技术在多种领域得到应用，主要是在临床实验室。食品和制药行业目前也在探索这些方法。对于食品和药物分析而言，严格的检测限以及样品制备的复杂性给分析人员带来了严峻挑战。免疫分析和核酸扩增技术已应用于食品检测，但这些大多倾向于非发光终点。现在出现了以CL或BL为终点的食品检测方法，例如，使用CL免疫吸附测定法检测A型肉毒杆菌；结合PCR和CL检测法检测沙门氏菌和接合酵母。制药行业面临的分析挑战包括原材料和药品中的污染物检测以及药物研发。CL和BL的灵敏度和快速信号采集特性，对于药物研发中所需的微型样品的高通量、大规模平行检测具有优势。本文综述了CL和BL免疫分析及核酸技术在该领域以及其他制药和食品应用中的当前进展与前景。
