Kawakami N, Takatsuka N, Shimizu H, Takai A
Department of Public Health, Gifu University School of Medicine, Japan.
Addiction. 1998 Jul;93(7):1023-32. doi: 10.1046/j.1360-0443.1998.93710237.x.
To estimate the life-time prevalence rate of tobacco/nicotine dependence and demographic variables and smoking habits associated with the disorder in male ever-smokers in Japan.
A cross-sectional community-based interview study.
Takayama city, Gifu Prefecture, Japan.
A total of 170 male ever-smokers aged 35 years or older selected randomly from a community in Japan were interviewed. The response rate was 85%.
The WHO Composite International Diagnostic Interview (CIDI) was used to make diagnoses of tobacco/nicotine dependence according t ICD-10, DSM-III-R and DSM-IV. The Fagerstrom Tolerance Questionnaire (FTQ) was also administered and those who had a FTQ score of 7 or above were identified.
The life-time prevalence rates of tobacco/nicotine dependence in male ever-smokers were 42%, 26% and 32% according to ICD-10, DSM-III-R and DSM-IV criteria, respectively; 19% had a FTQ score of 7 or above. The ICD-10 diagnosis was significantly and negatively associated with quitting smoking (p < 0.05). Multiple logistic regression analyses indicated that number of cigarettes per day when they smoked the most was significantly associated with higher life-time risks of the disorder according to DSM-III-R, DSM-IV and Fagerstrom's classification (p < 0.05). The length of cigarette smoked was associated with higher life-time risks of ICD-10 and DSM-IV diagnoses, and years of smoking were associated with higher life-time risks of ICD-10, DSM-III-R and DSM-IV diagnoses (p < 0.05). Younger birth cohorts had higher cumulative rates of the disorder according to DSM-IV (p for trend < 0.05).
Life-time prevalence rates of tobacco/nicotine dependence according to ICD-10, DSM-III-R and DSM-IV in male ever-smokers in Japan were within the range of rates reported in previous US studies; rates of FTQ score of 7 or above were lower. Fagerstrom scores and diagnostic criteria appear to reflect different aspects of dependence.
评估日本男性曾经吸烟者中烟草/尼古丁依赖的终生患病率以及与该疾病相关的人口统计学变量和吸烟习惯。
一项基于社区的横断面访谈研究。
日本岐阜县高山市。
从日本一个社区中随机选取了170名年龄在35岁及以上的男性曾经吸烟者进行访谈。应答率为85%。
采用世界卫生组织综合国际诊断访谈（CIDI），根据ICD - 10、DSM - III - R和DSM - IV对烟草/尼古丁依赖进行诊断。还发放了法格斯特罗姆耐受问卷（FTQ），FTQ得分7分及以上者被确定为相关人群。
根据ICD - 10、DSM - III - R和DSM - IV标准，男性曾经吸烟者中烟草/尼古丁依赖的终生患病率分别为42%、26%和32%；19%的人FTQ得分7分及以上。ICD - 10诊断与戒烟显著负相关（p < 0.05）。多因素逻辑回归分析表明，根据DSM - III - R、DSM - IV和法格斯特罗姆分类，他们吸烟最多时每天的吸烟支数与该疾病较高的终生风险显著相关（p < 0.05）。吸烟长度与ICD - 10和DSM - IV诊断的较高终生风险相关，吸烟年限与ICD - 10、DSM - III - R和DSM - IV诊断的较高终生风险相关（p < 0.05）。根据DSM - IV，较年轻的出生队列该疾病的累积患病率较高（趋势性p < 0.05）。
日本男性曾经吸烟者中根据ICD - 10、DSM - III - R和DSM - IV得出的烟草/尼古丁依赖终生患病率在美国既往研究报告的范围内；FTQ得分7分及以上的患病率较低。法格斯特罗姆得分和诊断标准似乎反映了依赖的不同方面。
