Grant L A, Sommers A R
Department of Health Care Management, Carlson School of Management, University of Minnesota, USA.
Geriatrics. 1998 Sep;53 Suppl 1:S61-5.
Skilled nursing facilities, assisted living facilities, and specialized housing can be enhanced by incorporating dementia-oriented adaptations that better match the environment to the capabilities of individuals at different stages of dementia. Environmental adaptations can be made through architectural, interior, and landscape design specifications. New models of care for Alzheimer's disease are emerging all along the long-term care continuum. This trend has been accompanied by a gradual growth in the knowledge base about designing and delivering specialized dementia care. Three components of care are critical: (1) environmental design, (2) program development, and (3) staff development. Six different models of dementia care were identified based on an analysis of care attributes that represent the critical components of care. These models differed in terms of caregiver satisfaction and resident characteristics (ADL scores, cognition, stage of dementia, agitation, and antipsychotic drug use).
通过纳入以痴呆症为导向的适应性措施，可改善专业护理机构、辅助生活设施和特殊住房，使环境更好地适应处于痴呆症不同阶段的个人能力。可通过建筑、室内和景观设计规范进行环境适应性改造。在整个长期护理连续过程中，针对阿尔茨海默病的新型护理模式不断涌现。这一趋势伴随着设计和提供专门痴呆症护理的知识库的逐渐增长。护理的三个关键组成部分是：（1）环境设计，（2）项目开发，（3）员工发展。基于对代表护理关键组成部分的护理属性的分析，确定了六种不同的痴呆症护理模式。这些模式在护理人员满意度和居民特征（日常生活活动能力评分、认知、痴呆症阶段、激越和抗精神病药物使用情况）方面存在差异。
