VanderWerf F, Aramideh M, Otto J A, Ongerboer de Visser B W
The Netherlands Ophthalmic Research Institute and the Department of Medical Physics, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam-Zuidoost.
Exp Brain Res. 1998 Aug;121(4):433-41. doi: 10.1007/s002210050478.
Functionally and anatomically, the orbicularis oculi (OO) muscle can be subdivided in a pretarsal, a preseptal, and an orbital portion. In the rhesus monkey, fluorescent and neuronal retrograde tracing experiments were performed in the pretarsal or the orbital portion of the OO muscle, or both, using fast blue, diamidino yellow, and wheat germ agglutinin-horseradish peroxidase as tracers. The preseptal portion was not investigated because of close anatomical relationships to the other portions. It was found that motoneurons innervating the OO muscle are located exclusively within the intermediate subnucleus of the motor facial nucleus. The upper pretarsal motoneurons show a specific distribution in the dorso-rostral border area of the intermediate subnucleus, representing a dome-like organization, while lower pretarsal motoneurons are situated more ventrally in the adjacent area. The pretarsal motoneurons are all located dorsally in the rostral half and the upper part of the caudal half of the intermediate subnucleus. The upper pretarsal portion is subserved by about one third of the total intermediate motoneuron population. The size of the upper pretarsal motoneurons is similar to that of the motoneurons of the lower pretarsal portion of the OO muscle and falls, for the vast majority, into the large motoneuronal range. Motoneurons belonging to the upper and lower orbital portions are located ventrally and are more randomly distributed in the rostral half of the intermediate subnucleus. The size of orbital motoneurons varies from small to large. The large fraction of pretarsal motoneurons may reflect the specific function of the upper pretarsal portion during rapid and highly coordinated movements of the eyelids in different types of blinking.
从功能和解剖学角度来看，眼轮匝肌（OO）可分为睑板前、眶隔前和眶部。在恒河猴身上，使用快蓝、双脒基黄和麦胚凝集素 - 辣根过氧化物酶作为示踪剂，对眼轮匝肌的睑板前或眶部，或两者进行了荧光和神经元逆行追踪实验。由于眶隔前部与其他部分解剖关系密切，因此未对其进行研究。结果发现，支配眼轮匝肌的运动神经元仅位于面神经运动核的中间亚核内。睑板上前部的运动神经元在中间亚核的背侧 - Rostral边界区域呈现特定分布，呈穹顶状组织，而睑板下运动神经元则位于相邻区域更腹侧的位置。睑板前运动神经元全部位于中间亚核的头侧半和尾侧半上部的背侧。睑板上前部由大约三分之一的中间运动神经元群体支配。睑板上前部运动神经元的大小与眼轮匝肌睑板下部分运动神经元的大小相似，绝大多数属于大型运动神经元范围。属于眶上和眶下部分的运动神经元位于腹侧，在中间亚核的头侧半分布更为随机。眶部运动神经元的大小从小到大都有。睑板前运动神经元的很大一部分可能反映了睑板上前部在不同类型眨眼时眼睑快速且高度协调运动中的特定功能。
