Malingering assessment in behavioral toxicology: what, why, and how.

Neurobehavioral assessment is frequently made in a forensic context. The cognitive assessment may be biased due to an international manipulation of data by the patient motivated by attainment of compensation, that is, malingering. Although malingering is highly relevant in behavioral toxicology, the issue and its assessment are underrepresented in the literature. A routine assessment of malingering is important to reduce false-positive and false-negative errors in assessment, thereby establishing the credibility and validity of behavioral assessment. In the long run, the routine inclusion of malingering measurements might reduce claims and encourage employers to be more cooperative in behavioral toxicology studies. Guidelines for malingering assessment and research, inferred from the clinical and research literature, are discussed. Sensitivity to the problematic issues involved in assessing malingering behavior is an important step toward malingering detection in the clinical setting and to the establishment of assessment methods that are less confounded by these issues.