Strickland K N
Louisiana State University, School of Veterinary Medicine, Baton Rouge 70803, USA.
Clin Tech Small Anim Pract. 1998 May;13(2):88-95. doi: 10.1016/S1096-2867(98)80012-1.
The caval syndrome is a serious complication of chronic heartworm (Dirofilaria immitis) disease in dogs and cats. The syndrome is characterized by acute anorexia, respiratory distress, weakness, right-sided cardiac murmur, anemia, hemoglobinuria, hepatic and renal dysfunction, signs of forward and backward heart failure, and, possibly, disseminated intravascular coagulation (DIC). Retrograde migration of adult heartworms from the pulmonary arteries to the right ventricle, right atrium, and venae cavae causes disruption of the tricuspid apparatus. Valvular insufficiency, with concurrent pulmonary hypertension, reduces cardiac output thus resulting in forward and backward heart failure. Additionally, red blood cells are traumatized and hemolyzed as they flow through the mass of worms. Therapy consists of supportive care and the removal of the heartworm mass from the right ventricular inflow tract. Caval syndrome in dogs and cats is associated with high mortality rates and generally has a guarded to poor prognosis.
腔静脉综合征是犬猫慢性心丝虫（犬恶丝虫）病的一种严重并发症。该综合征的特征为急性厌食、呼吸窘迫、虚弱、右侧心杂音、贫血、血红蛋白尿、肝肾功能障碍、心力衰竭的前后向体征，以及可能出现的弥散性血管内凝血（DIC）。成年心丝虫从肺动脉逆行迁移至右心室、右心房和腔静脉，会导致三尖瓣装置破坏。瓣膜功能不全与并发的肺动脉高压会降低心输出量，从而导致心力衰竭的前后向体征。此外，红细胞在流经虫团时会受到损伤并发生溶血。治疗包括支持性护理以及从右心室流入道清除心丝虫团。犬猫的腔静脉综合征死亡率很高，总体预后通常不佳。
