Radiocontrast-induced nephropathy.

Radiocontrast-induced nephropathy (RCIN) is a common cause of acute renal failure. It results from an ischemic injury to the medullary portion of the kidney secondary to intense renal vasoconstriction. Patients with pre-existing renal insufficiency, diabetes, congestive heart failure, taking certain medications, and exposed to large volumes of high osmolar contrast are at increased risk of developing RCIN. Prophylaxis of high-risk patients by careful hydration and avoidance of exacerbating factors can minimize the incidence of RCIN.