Miller D I, Osborne M J, Jones I C
Faculty of Health Sciences, Thames Hall, University of Western Ontario, London, Canada.
J Sports Sci. 1998 Aug;16(6):571-83. doi: 10.1080/026404198366533.
The relative influences of board-tip rebound and fulcrum setting upon vertical board-tip oscillation during hurdle flight were investigated to gain insight into the mechanism by which highly skilled divers are able to make effective contact with the springboard. Data were collected on running dives executed by 3-m finalists at the 1995 World Diving Cup (men), the 1996 Olympic Games (women) and the 1996 US Junior Olympics (boys and girls). Analysis of the vertical board-tip patterns of motion during hurdle flight revealed substantial deviations from a regular damped oscillation, particularly during the first excursion above the horizontal. The latter was characterized by two peaks, the first resulting from upward momentum and the second due to the board's colliding with the fulcrum. A regression analysis of the senior divers' data indicated that 83.7% of the variance in hurdle flight time could be accounted for by the maximum height reached by the board-tip and only 3.6% by fulcrum setting. We conclude that, among senior divers, rebound of the springboard was the dominant factor influencing the length of time required for the board to complete its characteristic 2.25 and 2.50 cycles before take-off.
研究了跳板末端反弹和支点设置对跨栏飞行期间垂直跳板末端振荡的相对影响，以深入了解高技能跳水运动员能够与跳板有效接触的机制。收集了1995年世界跳水杯（男子）、1996年奥运会（女子）和1996年美国青少年奥运会（男孩和女孩）3米决赛选手的跑动跳水数据。对跨栏飞行期间垂直跳板末端运动模式的分析表明，与规则的阻尼振荡有很大偏差，特别是在高于水平的第一次偏移期间。后者的特征是有两个峰值，第一个峰值是由向上的动量产生的，第二个峰值是由于跳板与支点碰撞产生的。对成年跳水运动员数据的回归分析表明，跨栏飞行时间差异的83.7%可由跳板末端达到的最大高度解释，而支点设置仅占3.6%。我们得出结论，在成年跳水运动员中，跳板的反弹是影响跳板在起跳前完成其特征性2.25和2.50个周期所需时间长度的主导因素。
