Ohberg A, Lonnqvist J
Department of Forensic Medicine, University of Helsinki, Finland.
Acta Psychiatr Scand. 1998 Sep;98(3):214-8. doi: 10.1111/j.1600-0447.1998.tb10069.x.
The research phase of the National Suicide Prevention Project in Finland (from 1 April 1987 to 31 March 1988) included medico-legal investigation and psychological autopsy of all deaths suspected of being suicides, including 1397 official suicides and 61 undetermined deaths. In later analyses on suicide, undetermined cases were excluded. This paper presents an analysis of all officially classified undetermined deaths (n = 139) over the study period, consisting of all the initially suspected suicides (n = 61) and the remaining undetermined deaths (n = 78) where suicide could not be excluded. Poisoning by solids or liquids and drowning were the most common causes of all undetermined deaths. Suicidal intent was observed in 87% of undetermined deaths initially suspected of being suicides. In addition, 31% of these subjects had previously attempted suicide, and 34% had made suicidal threats. Depression was diagnosed in 23% of cases and alcohol dependence or abuse in 31% of cases. Undetermined deaths resembled suicides and appeared to reduce the suicide rate by 10%.
芬兰国家预防自杀项目的研究阶段（从1987年4月1日至1988年3月31日）包括对所有疑似自杀死亡案例进行法医学调查和心理剖析，其中包括1397例官方认定的自杀案例以及61例死因不明的案例。在后续关于自杀的分析中，死因不明的案例被排除。本文对研究期间所有官方分类为死因不明的死亡案例（n = 139）进行了分析，这些案例包括所有最初疑似自杀的案例（n = 61）以及其余无法排除自杀可能性的死因不明案例（n = 78）。固体或液体中毒以及溺水是所有死因不明案例最常见的死因。在最初疑似自杀的死因不明案例中，87%观察到有自杀意图。此外，这些案例中有31%曾有过自杀未遂经历，34%曾有过自杀威胁。23%的案例被诊断患有抑郁症，31%的案例存在酒精依赖或滥用问题。死因不明的死亡案例与自杀案例相似，且似乎使自杀率降低了10%。
