Pouwer F, van der Ploeg H M, Bramsen I
Vrije Universiteit, faculteit Geneeskunde, Amsterdam.
Ned Tijdschr Geneeskd. 1998 Jul 4;142(27):1556-8.
Some characteristics of self-report questionnaires can result in bias in responding. When a test item or a questionnaire is biased, the observed scores form an imprecise measurement of reality as a consequence of systematic errors of measurement. Causes of such bias are: unclear instructions, vague wording of the test items, culture-bound item content, suggestive questions, framing of questions, social desirability of certain answers, faking good, faking bad and the recall bias.
自我报告问卷的一些特征可能导致回答偏差。当一个测试项目或问卷存在偏差时，由于测量的系统误差，观察到的分数构成了对现实的不精确测量。这种偏差的原因包括：说明不清楚、测试项目措辞模糊、受文化限制的项目内容、暗示性问题、问题的框架、某些答案的社会期望性、夸大表现、伪装不佳以及回忆偏差。
