Pihl E, Jürimäe T, Kaasik T
Department of Public Health, University of Tartu, Estonia.
Scand J Med Sci Sports. 1998 Aug;8(4):229-35. doi: 10.1111/j.1600-0838.1998.tb00197.x.
A cross-sectional study was conducted to determine the impact of previous athleticism on coronary heart disease (CHD) risk factors in 168 middle-aged men and 147 middle-aged women in Estonia. Participants were divided into four groups: physically active ex-athletes (AA), sedentary ex-athletes (SA), recreational exercisers (RE), and non-exercisers (NE). The Sharkey's questionnaire was applied to determine the CHD risk factors, health habits, medical, safety, personal, psychological and women's risk factors scores. Anthropometric characteristics, resting systolic and diastolic blood pressure values (SBP, DBP), and physical working capacity (PWC170) were measured. Concentrations of total cholesterol (CHOL), high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C), triacylglycerols (TG), and glucose were determined. Low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) and HDL-C/CHOL ratio were computed. From the questionnaire results, significant differences in CHD risk scores in both sex groups in favour of AA and RE were found. DBP in men was significantly higher in SA, and SBP in women was significantly higher in NE in comparison with other groups. PWC170 and PWC170/kg was highest in AA and lowest in NE in both sex groups. There were no significant differences for blood biochemical parameters between women's groups. In men, AA had a lower CHOL level in comparison with SA and NE, and lower concentrations of TG and LDL-C than other groups. AA and RE had a higher HDL-C concentration and HDL-C/CHOL ratio in comparison with the other groups. In conclusion, differences in CHD risk factors were related to current physical activity, and were more expressed in men than in women.
在爱沙尼亚，开展了一项横断面研究，以确定既往运动能力对168名中年男性和147名中年女性冠心病（CHD）危险因素的影响。参与者被分为四组：身体活跃的前运动员（AA）、久坐不动的前运动员（SA）、休闲锻炼者（RE）和不锻炼者（NE）。应用沙基问卷来确定冠心病危险因素、健康习惯、医疗、安全、个人、心理和女性危险因素得分。测量了人体测量学特征、静息收缩压和舒张压值（SBP、DBP）以及身体工作能力（PWC170）。测定了总胆固醇（CHOL）、高密度脂蛋白胆固醇（HDL-C）、三酰甘油（TG）和葡萄糖的浓度。计算了低密度脂蛋白胆固醇（LDL-C）和HDL-C/CHOL比值。从问卷结果来看，发现两个性别组中冠心病风险评分存在显著差异，有利于AA组和RE组。与其他组相比，SA组男性的DBP显著更高，NE组女性的SBP显著更高。在两个性别组中，AA组的PWC170和PWC170/kg最高，NE组最低。女性组之间血液生化参数无显著差异。在男性中，与SA组和NE组相比，AA组的CHOL水平较低，TG和LDL-C浓度低于其他组。与其他组相比，AA组和RE组的HDL-C浓度和HDL-C/CHOL比值更高。总之，冠心病危险因素的差异与当前身体活动有关，且在男性中比在女性中表现得更明显。
