Lynch J P, Sharma O P, Baughman R P
Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan Medical Center, Ann Arbor 48109-0360, USA.
Semin Respir Infect. 1998 Sep;13(3):229-54.
The clinical manifestations of sarcoidosis are extremely heterogeneous and overlap with a wide gamut of infectious and noninfectious granulomatous disorders. Prognosis of sarcoidosis is highly variable. Spontaneous remissions occur in nearly two thirds of patients, but chronic, progressive disease may result in severe sequelae. Fatalities occur in 1% to 4% of patients. Pulmonary manifestations typically dominate, but any organ can be affected. Skin, eye, and peripheral lymph nodes are each involved in 20% to 30% of patients. Clinically significant involvement of spleen, liver, bone, heart, kidney, or central nervous system occurs in 2% to 6% of patients. Asymptomatic involvement of these organs is far more common. We review the salient extrapulmonary features of sarcoidosis, and compare and contrast specific features that may mimic other etiologies.
结节病的临床表现极为多样，与多种感染性和非感染性肉芽肿性疾病存在重叠。结节病的预后差异很大。近三分之二的患者会自发缓解，但慢性进行性疾病可能导致严重后遗症。1%至4%的患者会死亡。肺部表现通常最为突出，但任何器官都可能受累。皮肤、眼睛和外周淋巴结在20%至30%的患者中受累。脾脏、肝脏、骨骼、心脏、肾脏或中枢神经系统出现具有临床意义的受累情况的患者占2%至6%。这些器官的无症状受累更为常见。我们回顾结节病突出的肺外特征，并比较和对比可能与其他病因相似的特定特征。
