Humphreys A S, Thompson N J, Miner K R
Maternal and Child Health Nutrition Department, Grady Health System, Atlanta, Georgia 30335-3801, USA.
Birth. 1998 Sep;25(3):169-74. doi: 10.1046/j.1523-536x.1998.00169.x.
The purpose of this study was to describe the relationship between breastfeeding intention among socioeconomically disadvantaged pregnant women and maternal demographics, previous breastfeeding experience, and social support.
A cross-sectional, convenience sampling strategy was employed for data collection. Low-income women (n = 1001) in a public hospital completed a six-page questionnaire about their infant feeding plans, demographics, and social support. Simple regression analyses were conducted to compare maternal breastfeeding intention with the hypothesized correlates.
Breastfeeding intention was positively correlated with older maternal age, higher education, more breastfeeding experience, Hispanic ethnicity, and hearing about breastfeeding benefits from family members, the baby's father, and lactation consultants, but not from other health professionals. Health professionals' attitudes were less influential on women's infant feeding decisions than the attitudes and beliefs of members of women's social support networks. When controlling for breastfeeding experience (none vs any), some findings, varied, indicating a need for breastfeeding interventions tailored to women's level of experience.
Use of peer counselors and lactation consultants, inclusion of a woman's family members in breastfeeding educational contacts, and creation of breastfeeding classes tailored to influential members of women's social support networks may improve breastfeeding rates among low-income women, especially those with no breastfeeding experience, more effectively than breastfeeding education to pregnant women that is solely conducted by health professionals.
本研究旨在描述社会经济弱势孕妇的母乳喂养意愿与产妇人口统计学特征、既往母乳喂养经历及社会支持之间的关系。
采用横断面便利抽样策略收集数据。一家公立医院的低收入女性（n = 1001）完成了一份关于其婴儿喂养计划、人口统计学特征及社会支持的六页问卷。进行简单回归分析以比较产妇母乳喂养意愿与假设的相关因素。
母乳喂养意愿与产妇年龄较大、教育程度较高、母乳喂养经历较多、西班牙裔种族以及从家庭成员、婴儿父亲和哺乳顾问处听说母乳喂养的益处呈正相关，但与其他健康专业人员无关。与女性社会支持网络成员的态度和信念相比，健康专业人员的态度对女性婴儿喂养决策的影响较小。在控制母乳喂养经历（无 vs 有）时，一些结果有所不同，表明需要针对女性的经验水平量身定制母乳喂养干预措施。
与仅由健康专业人员对孕妇进行母乳喂养教育相比，使用同伴咨询员和哺乳顾问、让女性家庭成员参与母乳喂养教育接触以及为女性社会支持网络中有影响力的成员量身定制母乳喂养课程，可能更有效地提高低收入女性的母乳喂养率，尤其是那些没有母乳喂养经验的女性。
