The effect of oxygen concentration at 1 atm on rat enzyme systems concerned in the synthesis and degradation of 5-hydroxytryptamine was studied in vitro. 2. Oxygen activated tryptophan hydroxylase and the deamination of both 5-hydroxytryptamine and tyramine by monoamine oxidase. 3. Oxygen did not affect the activities of 5-hydroxytryptophan decarboxylase or peroxidase.