Vihman M M, DePaolis R A, Davis B L
School of Psychology, University of Wales, Bangor, Gwynedd, UK.
Child Dev. 1998 Aug;69(4):935-49.
Studies of speech perception and segmentation in the prelinguistic period, early word production, and patterns of function word omission in early syntax have all recently emphasized the role of the trochaic accentual pattern in English, sometimes positing a universal trochaic bias. We make use of perceptual and acoustic analyses of words and babble from 9 children acquiring English and 5 acquiring French in the late single-word period (13-20 months) to provide a direct test for the existence of such a bias. Neither English nor French infant vocalizations were exclusively trochaic. The iambic productions of American infants were traced to the presence of iambic phrases in the input. Differences between English and French in the acoustic realization of accent in infant vocalizations were also traceable to adult patterns. However, the almost bipolar distribution of trochaic and iambic patterns in the data from English-learning infants was ultimately traceable to the integration of prosodic and segmental patterning in individual child word production templates, themselves arguably the product of an earlier acting articulatory filter.
近期，关于语言前阶段的言语感知与切分、早期单词产出以及早期句法中功能词省略模式的研究，均强调了扬抑抑格重音模式在英语中的作用，有时还假定存在一种普遍的扬抑抑格倾向。我们对9名处于单词后期阶段（13 - 20个月）学习英语的儿童以及5名学习法语的儿童的单词和咿呀语进行了感知和声学分析，以直接检验这种倾向的存在。无论是英语还是法语的婴儿发声都并非完全是扬抑抑格的。美国婴儿的抑扬格发声可追溯到输入中存在抑扬格短语。婴儿发声中重音的声学实现方面英语和法语的差异也可追溯到成人模式。然而，来自学习英语婴儿的数据中扬抑抑格和抑扬格模式几乎呈两极分布，最终可追溯到个体儿童单词产出模板中韵律和音段模式的整合，而这些模板本身可以说是早期起作用的发音过滤器的产物。
