Bolger K E, Patterson C J, Kupersmidt J B
Cornell University, Family Life Development Center, Ithaca, NY 14853, USA.
Child Dev. 1998 Aug;69(4):1171-97.
A prospective longitudinal design was employed to assess risks associated with maltreatment in a representative community sample of 107 maltreated children and an equal number of nonmaltreated comparison children. Heightened difficulties in peer relationships and self-esteem were associated with greater severity and chronicity of maltreatment. For example, children who experienced chronic maltreatment were less well-liked by peers. Type of maltreatment was also related to specific aspects of children's adjustment. For instance, sexual abuse predicted low self-esteem, but not problems in peer relationships. Emotional maltreatment, on the other hand, was related to difficulties in peer relationships, but not to low self-esteem. Thus, the best predictions of specific aspects of children's adjustment were provided by considering timing, type, and severity of maltreatment. For some groups of maltreated children, having a good friend was associated with improvement over time in self-esteem.
采用前瞻性纵向设计，对一个具有代表性的社区样本进行评估，该样本包括107名受虐待儿童和数量相等的未受虐待的对照儿童，以评估与虐待相关的风险。同伴关系和自尊方面的困难加剧与虐待的严重程度和长期性有关。例如，经历长期虐待的儿童不太受同伴欢迎。虐待类型也与儿童适应的特定方面有关。例如，性虐待预示着自尊水平低，但与同伴关系问题无关。另一方面，情感虐待与同伴关系困难有关，但与自尊水平低无关。因此，通过考虑虐待的时间、类型和严重程度，可以对儿童适应的特定方面做出最佳预测。对于一些受虐待儿童群体来说，有一个好朋友与自尊水平随时间的改善有关。
