Craig A S, Sockwell D C, Schaffner W, Moore W L, Skinner J T, Williams I T, Shaw F E, Shapiro C N, Bell B P
Epidemic Intelligence Service, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia, USA.
Clin Infect Dis. 1998 Sep;27(3):531-5. doi: 10.1086/514700.
Hepatitis A outbreaks in communities are often difficult to control. From July 1994 through June 1995, 676 cases of hepatitis A were reported in Shelby County, Tennessee. With the licensure of a hepatitis A vaccine in February 1995, a new tool for outbreak control became available. During August-October 1995, a mass vaccination campaign was conducted. A total of 34,054 children received the first dose of hepatitis A vaccine. From December 1995 through December 1996, the number of hepatitis A cases reported inside the intervention area declined by 64%; outside the intervention area, the number of cases declined by 40%. The precise contribution of the vaccine campaign to the decline in the number of outbreak cases is difficult to quantify because community outbreaks often wane over time. The vaccine campaign may have hastened the decline of the number of outbreak cases. Future interventions should consider an earlier campaign with greater vaccine coverage.
社区中的甲型肝炎疫情往往难以控制。1994年7月至1995年6月，田纳西州谢尔比县报告了676例甲型肝炎病例。随着1995年2月甲型肝炎疫苗的获批，一种用于控制疫情的新工具应运而生。1995年8月至10月，开展了一场大规模疫苗接种运动。共有34,054名儿童接种了第一剂甲型肝炎疫苗。1995年12月至1996年12月，干预区域内报告的甲型肝炎病例数下降了64%；在干预区域外，病例数下降了40%。疫苗接种运动对疫情病例数下降的确切贡献难以量化，因为社区疫情通常会随着时间的推移而减弱。疫苗接种运动可能加速了疫情病例数的下降。未来的干预措施应考虑更早开展且疫苗覆盖率更高的运动。
