Zhang M, Mak A F, Roberts V C
Rehabilitation Engineering Centre, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Kowloon, People's Republic of China.
Med Eng Phys. 1998 Jul;20(5):360-73. doi: 10.1016/s1350-4533(98)00027-7.
A review is presented of the existing finite element models developed from 1987 to 1996 for the biomechanics of lower-limb prostheses. Finite element analysis can be a useful tool in investigating the mechanical interaction between the residual limb and its prosthetic socket, and in computer-aided design and computer-aided manufacturing of prosthetic sockets. Various assumptions and simplifications are made in these models to simplify the actual problem with complex geometry, material properties, boundary and interfacial conditions, as well as loading situations. The analyses can provide the information on the stress distribution at the stump/socket interface and within the residual limb tissues. More recently, nonlinear models have been developed taking into consideration the process of socket rectifications, the slip/friction conditions and material large deformation. The models so far developed have provided some basic understanding of the biomechanics. Comparison of the predictions of these models with experimental measurements indicated that the predicted stresses were within the ranges measured, although one-to-one correspondence was difficult to achieve. Further research is still required in order to improve these models to obtain higher precision in the results taking into account nonlinear and dynamic effects.
本文综述了1987年至1996年间开发的用于下肢假肢生物力学的现有有限元模型。有限元分析在研究残肢与其假肢接受腔之间的力学相互作用以及假肢接受腔的计算机辅助设计和计算机辅助制造方面可能是一种有用的工具。这些模型中进行了各种假设和简化，以简化具有复杂几何形状、材料特性、边界和界面条件以及加载情况的实际问题。分析可以提供残肢/接受腔界面以及残肢组织内应力分布的信息。最近，考虑到接受腔矫正过程、滑动/摩擦条件和材料大变形，开发了非线性模型。迄今为止开发的模型对生物力学提供了一些基本的理解。将这些模型的预测结果与实验测量结果进行比较表明，预测应力在测量范围内，尽管难以实现一一对应。为了改进这些模型以在考虑非线性和动态效应的情况下获得更高精度的结果，仍需要进一步的研究。
