Pack A R
Department of Oral Rehabilitation, School of Dentistry, University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand.
Int Dent J. 1998 Jun;48(3 Suppl 1):239-47. doi: 10.1111/j.1875-595x.1998.tb00712.x.
People in developing countries are burdened excessively by oral diseases, particularly periodontal disease. These are aggravated by poverty, poor living conditions, ignorance concerning health education, and lack of government funding and policy to provide sufficient oral health care workers. WHO and FDI have identified the problems and developed strategies. However, acceptable goals and standards of oral health have to be agreed. Furthermore, barriers to oral health promotion need to be overcome through co-operation at all levels and appreciation of cultural sensitivity. There is the need for research to determine which types of oral health care systems are most effective in reducing the extent of inequality in oral health. In developing countries where there are huge problems, intervention programmes focusing on primary care and prevention should be designed and implemented urgently and their effectiveness monitored and analysed scientifically. The WHO, FDI and national and international professional organisations should play a leading role in encouraging a determined, co-ordinated effort towards improving the oral health status of disadvantaged people in developing countries.
发展中国家的人们承受着口腔疾病，尤其是牙周疾病的沉重负担。贫困、恶劣的生活条件、对健康教育的无知以及缺乏政府资金和政策来提供足够的口腔保健工作者，使这些问题更加恶化。世界卫生组织（WHO）和国际牙科联合会（FDI）已经识别出这些问题并制定了战略。然而，必须商定可接受的口腔健康目标和标准。此外，需要通过各级合作以及认识到文化敏感性来克服口腔健康促进的障碍。有必要进行研究，以确定哪种类型的口腔保健系统在减少口腔健康不平等程度方面最有效。在存在巨大问题的发展中国家，应紧急设计并实施侧重于初级保健和预防的干预方案，并对其有效性进行科学监测和分析。WHO、FDI以及国家和国际专业组织应发挥主导作用，鼓励为改善发展中国家弱势群体的口腔健康状况做出坚定、协调一致的努力。
