Sanabria Carretero P, Vogel C, Reinoso-Barbero F, López Gutíerrez J C
Servicio de Anestesia-Reanimación Pediátrica, Hospital Infantil La Paz, Madrid.
Rev Esp Anestesiol Reanim. 1998 Aug-Sep;45(7):285-93.
Recent advances in surgical techniques, control of infection and nutritional support have dramatically increased the survival rates of burned children. The characteristics of severely burned pediatric patients dictate that management be different from that required for adults in the intensive care unit. The formulas for fluid replacement should be based on body surface rather than weight in children and adjusted for degree of stress and age, with appropriate monitoring and treatment of hypothermia, pain and associated psychological disorders. Early assessment and treatment of airway obstruction and gas and smoke inhalation syndromes with high FiO2 is necessary; prophylactic endotracheal intubation may be required.
外科技术、感染控制和营养支持方面的最新进展显著提高了烧伤儿童的存活率。严重烧伤儿科患者的特点决定了其在重症监护病房的管理与成人不同。儿童液体复苏公式应基于体表面积而非体重，并根据应激程度和年龄进行调整，同时要对体温过低、疼痛及相关心理障碍进行适当监测和治疗。早期评估和治疗气道阻塞以及高浓度吸氧下的气体和烟雾吸入综合征很有必要；可能需要预防性气管插管。
