A case controlled comparison of open and laparoscopic splenectomy in children.

BACKGROUND

This case controlled study compares the efficacy, safety, and cost of laparoscopic splenectomy (LS) and open splenectomy (OS) for hematologic disorders in children.

METHODS

The records of 82 consecutive children and adolescents undergoing splenectomy for hematologic disorders between August 1994 and September 1997 were reviewed retrospectively.

RESULTS

Fifty patients underwent LS by a lateral approach and 32 underwent OS through a left subcostal incision. Mean age was 7.76 years for LS and 6.9 years for OS. Patient weights were similar: (LS, mean 30.5 kg; OS, mean 27.6 kg). Hematologic indications included hereditary spherocytosis in 43 children (LS 26, OS 17), sickle cell anemia with sequestration in 13 (LS 7, OS 6), immune thrombocytopenic purpura in 14 (LS 8, OS 6), and 12 with other disorders (LS 9, OS 3). Concomitant cholecystectomy was performed in 10 of 50 LS and 6 of 32 OS cases. Accessory spleens were identified in 8 of 32 (25%) OS and 9 of 50 (18%) LS cases (P = .578). No LS procedures required conversion to OS. The mean estimated blood loss was 54.4 mL for LS and 49.0 mL for OS (P = .233). LS required a longer operative time (115 vs 83 minutes, P = .002), less need for postoperative intravenous narcotic (51% vs 100%, P < .0001), lower total narcotic doses (0.239 vs 0.480 mg/kg morphine, P = .006), shorter length of hospital stay (1.4 +/- 0.97 vs 2.5 +/- 1.43 days, P = .0001), and lower average total hospital charges ($5713 vs $6564) than OS. There were no deaths or major complications in either group.

CONCLUSIONS

Laparoscopic splenectomy is a safe and effective procedure in children with hematologic disorders resulting in longer operative times, less narcotic administration, shorter length of stay, and lower total hospital charge.