Morali A
Médecine infantile 3 et génétique clinique Hôpital d'enfants CHU Nancy-Brabois, Vandoeuvre-lès-Nancy.
Rev Prat. 1998 Feb 15;48(4):411-5.
Gastrointestinal bleeding is not rare in paediatric practice. Always impressive to the surrounding family, they reveal an underlying affection (portal cavernous haemangioma, ulcer) or complicate a progressing disease (oesophagitis, varix). Gastrointestinal endoscopy should be made rapidly in a paediatric setting. The main causes are: before 2 years of age and over 7 years, peptic oesophagitis; from 2 to 7 years, acute lesions of the gastroduodenal mucous membrane and ulcers. Lower tract bleeding (melaena or rectal bleeding) is mainly due to anal fissures, polyps, severe inflammatory colitis and enterocolitis.
胃肠道出血在儿科临床实践中并不罕见。它们总会让患儿家属印象深刻，提示存在潜在疾病（门静脉海绵样血管瘤、溃疡）或使进展性疾病复杂化（食管炎、静脉曲张）。在儿科环境中应迅速进行胃肠内镜检查。主要病因如下：2岁前和7岁以上，为消化性食管炎；2至7岁，为胃十二指肠黏膜急性病变和溃疡。下消化道出血（黑便或直肠出血）主要由肛裂、息肉、重症炎症性结肠炎和小肠结肠炎引起。
