Naloxone blockade of morphine analgesia: a dose-effect study of duration and magnitude.

The purpose of the experiment was to determine the minimal dose of naloxone needed to block the analgesic effect of morphine as measured by the foot-shock titration procedure in the rat. Various groups of rats received, subcutaneously, various doses of naloxone hydrochloride, from 0.03 to 2.0 mg/kg, 15 minutes before receiving 10 mg/kg of morphine sulfate. The results indicate that 1.0 mg/kg of naloxone is the minimum dose necessary to provide full blockade of the measured morphine effect for up to 5 hours after the morphine administration. Partial blockade was evident at doses much smaller than 1.0 mg/kg of naloxone. A dose of 0.125 mg/kg of naloxone completely blocked the onset of a measurable effect from 10 mg/kg of morphine for 60 minutes in six out of the seven animals tested at that dose. The results provide a clear dose-effect relationship for both magnitude and duration of naloxone blockade of the analgesic effect of morphine.