Miyan J A, Broome C S, Afan A M
Department of Biomolecular Sciences, University of Manchester Institute of Science and Technology, UK.
Domest Anim Endocrinol. 1998 Sep;15(5):297-304. doi: 10.1016/s0739-7240(98)00033-2.
Interactions between the neural and immune systems exist through humoral factors operating via the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis and cytokines acting over a relatively long distance. Anatomical evidence also suggests direct, hard-wired pathways of interaction and control through innervation of lymphoid organs and peripheral sites involved in host defense, including the thymus, spleen, lymph nodes, and skin. Recent evidence has demonstrated: 1) neural control of the bone marrow haemopoietic system, 2) interactions between peripheral nerve endings in the skin and epidermal Langerhans cells, and 3) peripheralization of leukocytes in the initial stages of stress. This leads us to propose that the nervous system is involved in host monitoring and coordination of host defense systems. If the brain is to have appropriate control of host defense mechanisms it must have: (a) afferent inputs monitoring host defense status, (b) efferent control pathways that modulate primary reactions to infection and damage, (c) efferent activation pathways to the myeloid defense system while the specific, lymphoid immune system is activated, and (d) inhibition of the proliferative lymphocytic response if the infection has been dealt with. We are investigating whether such a model, which allows for control and coordination of both the initial myeloid defense system and of the acquired immune response, is observed in mammals.
神经和免疫系统之间的相互作用通过下丘脑 - 垂体 - 肾上腺轴发挥作用的体液因子以及在相对较长距离起作用的细胞因子而存在。解剖学证据还表明，通过对包括胸腺、脾脏、淋巴结和皮肤在内的参与宿主防御的淋巴器官和外周部位的神经支配，存在直接的、硬连线的相互作用和控制途径。最近的证据表明：1）骨髓造血系统的神经控制；2）皮肤外周神经末梢与表皮朗格汉斯细胞之间的相互作用；3）应激初始阶段白细胞的外周化。这使我们提出，神经系统参与宿主监测和宿主防御系统的协调。如果大脑要对宿主防御机制进行适当控制，它必须具备：（a）监测宿主防御状态的传入输入；（b）调节对感染和损伤的初级反应的传出控制途径；（c）在特异性淋巴免疫系统被激活时，对髓系防御系统的传出激活途径；以及（d）如果感染已得到处理，则抑制增殖性淋巴细胞反应。我们正在研究在哺乳动物中是否能观察到这样一个模型，该模型允许对初始髓系防御系统和获得性免疫反应进行控制和协调。
