Dowell S F, Schwartz B, Phillips W R
Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia, USA.
Am Fam Physician. 1998 Oct 1;58(5):1113-8, 1123.
Five conditions--otitis media, acute sinusitis, cough, pharyngitis and the common cold--account for most of the outpatient use of antibiotics in the United States. The first part of this two-part article presents guidelines that encourage physicians to make an appropriate distinction between acute otitis media and otitis media with effusion, to use shorter courses of antibiotic therapy in uncomplicated cases of otitis media and to limit prophylaxis to recurrence as defined strictly by number of episodes. Sinusitis in younger children is difficult to distinguish from the common cold, and the criterion for use of antibiotics should be duration of symptoms.
在美国，中耳炎、急性鼻窦炎、咳嗽、咽炎和普通感冒这五种病症占门诊抗生素使用的大部分。这篇分两部分的文章的第一部分提出了一些指导原则，鼓励医生在急性中耳炎和中耳积液之间做出适当区分，在无并发症的中耳炎病例中使用更短疗程的抗生素治疗，并将预防措施严格限定为根据发作次数定义的复发情况。年幼儿童的鼻窦炎很难与普通感冒区分开来，使用抗生素的标准应该是症状持续时间。
