Klocke D L, Decker W W, Stepanek J
Division of Emergency Medical Services, Mayo Clinic Rochester, MN 55905, USA.
Mayo Clin Proc. 1998 Oct;73(10):988-92; quiz 992-3. doi: 10.4065/73.10.988.
Altitude-related illnesses are a frequent cause of morbidity and occasional mortality in travelers to high altitudes in the United States and throughout the world. The primary altitude illnesses are acute mountain sickness, high-altitude pulmonary edema, and high-altitude cerebral edema. The pathogenesis of these syndromes remains unclear despite considerable research. Altitude also has potential deleterious effects on common medical conditions including coronary artery disease, pulmonary disease, hemoglobinopathies, and pregnancy. Most of these problems are primarily preventable with appropriate information before travel. Education should include information about rate of ascent, diet, alcohol intake, physical activity, and preventive medications, including acetazolamide, nifedipine, and dexamethasone in selected circumstances.
在美国及世界各地，前往高海拔地区旅行的人当中，与海拔相关的疾病是导致发病的常见原因，偶尔也会导致死亡。主要的海拔相关疾病有急性高原病、高原肺水肿和高原脑水肿。尽管进行了大量研究，但这些综合征的发病机制仍不清楚。海拔对包括冠状动脉疾病、肺部疾病、血红蛋白病和妊娠在内的常见病症也有潜在的有害影响。这些问题大多可通过旅行前获得适当信息而得到预防。教育内容应包括上升速度、饮食、酒精摄入、身体活动以及预防性药物等方面的信息，在特定情况下还包括乙酰唑胺、硝苯地平和地塞米松等药物。
