Groussard O
Service d'Anatomie et Cytologie pathologique, Hôpital Beaujon, Clichy.
Presse Med. 1998 Sep 19;27(27):1391-7.
ANATOMIC DEFINITION: Bronchiolitis is an inflammatory condition of the small airways, membranous and respiratory bronchioles.
The lesions result from exogenous or endogenous aggression of the epithelium. The inflammatory reactions caused by this aggression may regress spontaneously or after treatment or may progress to fibrosis.
Obliterating bronchiolitis is the best understood form. There are two types: polypoid obliterating bronchiolitis and constrictive bronchiolitis. This latter form is the only one which causes an obstructive syndrome. Other histological forms have been described.
Certain lesions have particular morphological features allowing their identification (smokers bronchiolitis, follicular bronchiolitis, diffuse panbronchiolitis) and others occur in classical associations (rheumatoid polyarthritis, chronic lung graft rejection). In many cases however, the lesions are relatively monomorphous and result from many different causes. Rigorous comparison between pathological findings and the clinical presentation is needed to classify these types and integrate them into a particular context.
细支气管炎是小气道、膜性细支气管和呼吸性细支气管的炎症性疾病。
病变由上皮的外源性或内源性侵害引起。这种侵害所导致的炎症反应可能会自发消退或经治疗后消退，也可能进展为纤维化。
闭塞性细支气管炎是最易理解的形式。有两种类型：息肉样闭塞性细支气管炎和缩窄性细支气管炎。后一种形式是唯一可导致阻塞综合征的类型。还描述了其他组织学形式。
某些病变具有特定的形态学特征，有助于识别（吸烟者细支气管炎、滤泡性细支气管炎、弥漫性泛细支气管炎），其他病变则出现在典型的关联情况中（类风湿性多关节炎、慢性肺移植排斥反应）。然而，在许多情况下，病变相对单一，由多种不同原因引起。需要对病理结果与临床表现进行严格比较，以对这些类型进行分类并将其纳入特定背景中。
