Ens I C
Baycrest Centre for Geriatric Care, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.
Arch Psychiatr Nurs. 1998 Oct;12(5):273-81. doi: 10.1016/s0883-9417(98)80037-x.
A knowledge of countertransference is a necessary step in using it therapeutically in the nurse-patient relationship. However, this concept, which has its roots in psychoanalytic theory, has been applied to nurses and nursing situations in an unhelpful and ambiguous manner. In fact, the term is often used to denigrate nurses without providing clarity as to what the components of countertransference are and how they might be understood and used therapeutically. As such, it is necessary to delineate the meaning of countertransference in its entirely as a concept suitable for nursing practice. Positive countertransference, negative countertransference, and empathy are the composite parts of the concept of countertransference. Through concept analysis, by using methods outlined by Rodgers (1989), Journal of Advanced Nursing, 14, 330-335, it is suggested that countertransference is an inescapable factor in the nurse-patient relationship. Furthermore, a comprehensive analysis of the concept of countertransference will assist nurses in recognizing it when it occurs and may enhance the use of the understanding gained to the benefit of the nurse-patient relationship.
了解反移情是在护患关系中对其进行治疗性运用的必要步骤。然而，这个源于精神分析理论的概念，在应用于护士及护理情境时，方式既无益又含混不清。事实上，该术语常被用来诋毁护士，却并未明确反移情的构成要素以及如何从治疗角度去理解和运用它们。因此，有必要完整地界定反移情这一适合护理实践的概念的含义。正性反移情、负性反移情和共情是反移情概念的组成部分。通过运用罗杰斯（1989年，《高级护理杂志》，第14卷，第330 - 335页）所概述的方法进行概念分析，表明反移情是护患关系中一个无法回避的因素。此外，对反移情概念的全面分析将有助于护士在其出现时予以识别，并可能增进对所获理解的运用，从而有利于护患关系。
