Stern H, Lagarde A
Department of Surgery, University of Ottawa, Ont.
Can J Surg. 1998 Oct;41(5):345-50.
Accompanying the explosion of genetic information about cancer is the technology to allow a better understanding of carcinogenesis and tools that can be exploited in the diagnosis and management of cancers. The familial forms of colorectal cancer, including familial adenomatous polyposis and hereditary nonpolyposis colorectal cancer offer the most tangible examples of potential improvements in mortality and morbidity incorporating molecular markers. This article reviews the current direct applications of molecular genetics in identifying the risk, prevention and management of colon cancer. The limitations and current controversies in the field are discussed, including research strategies being adopted to solve the remaining problems. Parallel strategies in familial breast cancer and ovarian cancer are being developed to bring the medical profession into the molecular age of cancer management.
随着癌症基因信息的激增，出现了能让人更好地理解致癌作用的技术以及可用于癌症诊断和治疗的工具。结直肠癌的家族性类型，包括家族性腺瘤性息肉病和遗传性非息肉病性结直肠癌，为利用分子标志物降低死亡率和发病率提供了最切实可行的范例。本文综述了分子遗传学在结肠癌风险识别、预防和治疗方面的当前直接应用。讨论了该领域的局限性和当前存在的争议，包括为解决遗留问题而采用的研究策略。目前正在制定家族性乳腺癌和卵巢癌的平行策略，以使医学专业进入癌症治疗的分子时代。
