Current adjuncts for surgery of the sphenoid sinus and pituitary gland.

Surgical intervention in the region of the sphenoid sinus pituitary gland requires extreme precision because of enveloping vital structures. The rhinologic approach to the pituitary gland, once abandoned due to limited visibility and the risk of meningitis, has experienced a renaissance as a result of recent medical and technical advances. Antibiotics have almost eliminated the risk of meningitis, and the operating microscope and televised radiofluoroscope now provide sufficient illumination, magnification, and orientation that injury to nearby structures can be avoided. A mid-line rhinologic approach provides ample exposure and further minimizes operative hazards.