Craig A B
Med Sci Sports. 1976 Fall;8(3):171-5. doi: 10.1249/00005768-197600830-00007.
It is well accepted that hyperventilation before breath hold swimming and diving makes it possible for a person to extend the time under water. Less well known is the fact that this maneuver can cause loss of consciousness due to hypoxia. This accident happens almost exclusively to males (56 cases). The most common age group was 16-20 years (range 12-33 years). All were known to be good swimmers or divers. Approximately 80% of the cases occurred in guarded pools. Thirty-five subjects survived the accident and of the twenty-three fatalities, there was only one good autopsy report. In this instance the findings were those associated with classical drowning preceded by hypoxia and hypercapnia. Breath holding experiments indicated that the times between loss of consciousness and death may be no longer than 2.5 minutes. The patterns associated with these cases suggest that those who are responsible for aquatic safety as supervisors or guards of pools could prevent most accidents by watching for young male swimmers who are practicing hyperventilation and underwater swimming in competition with themselves or with others.
人们普遍认为，在屏气游泳和潜水前进行过度换气能使人延长水下停留时间。鲜为人知的是，这种操作可能会因缺氧导致意识丧失。这种事故几乎只发生在男性身上（56例）。最常见的年龄组是16 - 20岁（年龄范围12 - 33岁）。所有人都被认为是优秀的游泳者或潜水者。大约80%的事故发生在有防护设施的泳池。35名受试者在事故中幸存，在23例死亡病例中，只有一份完整的尸检报告。在这个案例中，发现的情况是与经典溺水相关的情况，先是缺氧和高碳酸血症。屏气实验表明，从意识丧失到死亡的时间可能不超过2.5分钟。与这些案例相关的模式表明，作为泳池安全监督者或警卫负责水上安全的人员，可以通过留意那些正在进行过度换气以及与自己或他人进行水下游泳比赛的年轻男性游泳者，预防大多数事故。
