Jackson A S, Pollock M L
Med Sci Sports. 1976 Fall;8(3):196-203. doi: 10.1249/00005768-197600830-00012.
This study was designed to identify the body composition factors measured by skinfold fat (S), girth (G), and diameter (D) variables and to provide multivariate scaling models that measure fat (F) and lean body weight (LBW) factors. A total of 7S, 11G, and 7D measurements were determined on 83 young women (YW) and 95 young men (YM). Body density (BD) was determined by the hydrostatic technique. All variables were factor analyzed, and F and LBW were used to validate isolated factors. The YM data showed one F factor and two LBW factors. LBW factor I measured muscle mass and bone structure; LBW factor II, bone D. The YW data isolated four factors: the same three of YM plus a second F factor specific to the pelvic girdle. Factor score models were used to develop scaling strategies to measure F and LBW factors. Full models of all 27 variables and restricted models of 14 S, G, and D variables were developed; the correlations between factor scores scaled from the full and restricted models ranged from 0.84 to 0.98. The multiple correlation between factor scores calculated from the restricted models and laboratory-determined F and LBW ranged from 0.90 to 0.94 for YM and from 0.88 to 0.89 for YW. The multivariate scaling models provide a valid field method of measuring body composition.
本研究旨在确定通过皮褶脂肪（S）、围度（G）和直径（D）变量测量的身体成分因素，并提供测量脂肪（F）和瘦体重（LBW）因素的多元标度模型。对83名年轻女性（YW）和95名年轻男性（YM）进行了总共7项S、11项G和7项D测量。通过静水技术测定身体密度（BD）。对所有变量进行因子分析，并用F和LBW来验证分离出的因子。YM数据显示一个F因子和两个LBW因子。LBW因子I测量肌肉质量和骨骼结构；LBW因子II测量骨骼直径。YW数据分离出四个因子：与YM相同的三个因子加上一个特定于骨盆带的第二个F因子。因子得分模型用于制定测量F和LBW因子的标度策略。开发了所有27个变量的完整模型以及14个S、G和D变量的受限模型；从完整模型和受限模型标度得到的因子得分之间的相关性在0.84至0.98之间。从受限模型计算得到的因子得分与实验室测定的F和LBW之间的多重相关性，YM为0.90至0.94，YW为0.88至0.89。多元标度模型提供了一种有效的测量身体成分的现场方法。
