Washington L, Miller W T
Department of Radiology, Hospital of the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia 19104, USA.
J Thorac Imaging. 1998 Oct;13(4):271-81. doi: 10.1097/00005382-199810000-00007.
Mycobacterial infection, including both tuberculosis and nontuberculous mycobacterial infection, is an important cause of morbidity and mortality in immunocompromised patients, particularly those who are infected with the human immunodeficiency virus. When these patients have active tuberculosis, apical, often cavitary, opacities characteristic of postprimary tuberculosis remain among the more common radiographic presentations. However, unusual radiographic manifestations of tuberculosis are more common in immunocompromised patients than in the general population. Nontuberculous mycobacterial infection in immunocompromised patients is frequently hematogenously disseminated, and the appearance on chest radiography is varied. Among patients infected with the human immunodeficiency virus, unifocal or multifocal alveolar infiltrates and mediastinal lymphadenopathy are the most common manifestations.
分枝杆菌感染，包括结核病和非结核分枝杆菌感染，是免疫功能低下患者发病和死亡的重要原因，尤其是那些感染了人类免疫缺陷病毒的患者。当这些患者患有活动性结核病时，原发性肺结核典型的肺尖部（通常有空洞）混浊仍是较常见的影像学表现。然而，与普通人群相比，免疫功能低下患者中结核病的不寻常影像学表现更为常见。免疫功能低下患者的非结核分枝杆菌感染常经血行播散，胸部X线表现多样。在感染人类免疫缺陷病毒的患者中，单灶或多灶性肺泡浸润和纵隔淋巴结肿大是最常见的表现。
